Imenice i članovi

Rod imenica: muški, ženski i srednji

Nivo A1 Imenice i članovi
Ključna ideja

Svaka imenica u srpskom jeziku ima jedan od tri roda — muški, ženski ili srednji — i taj rod upravlja slaganjem prideva, zamenica i glagola u prošlom vremenu. Najlakše ćete ga prepoznati po nastavku: imenice na suglasnik su obično muškog roda (grad), one na -a ženskog (žena), a one na -o ili -e srednjeg (selo, more). Nastavak je odličan putokaz, ali ne i pravilo bez izuzetka. Reč noć završava se na suglasnik, a ipak je ženskog roda; tata se završava na -a, ali je naravno muškog roda, jer kod reči za osobe presuđuje prirodni rod. Zato vredi svaku imenicu pamtiti zajedno s njenim rodom — tako veliki grad i velika žena uvek pravilno slažete.

Primeri

  • grad city
  • žena woman
  • selo village
  • noć night

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Sve iz videa, u tekstu.

  1. grad

    a city · the city · just city — all the same word

    Serbian has no word for 'the' and no word for 'a'. But every single noun is secretly hiding a gender — and getting it right changes everything.

  2. Serbian has no 'a' and no 'the'.

    Let's start with the easy half. Serbian has no articles at all. The word 'grad' can mean 'a city', 'the city', or just 'city' — context does the work English does with little words.

  3. Every noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter.

    So stop hunting for 'the'. The harder half is gender. Every noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter — and gender controls how adjectives, pronouns, and past-tense verbs agree with it.

  4. Guess the gender from the ending

    masculine
    • ends in a consonant
    feminine / neuter
    • -a → feminine
    • -o / -e → neuter

    The good news: you can usually tell the gender from the ending. A consonant at the end means masculine. An -a means feminine. An -o or -e means neuter. Look at the last letter and you've got a strong first guess.

  5. grad

    masculine — ends in a consonant

    Take the word for city. It ends in a consonant, so it's masculine. grad

  6. žena

    feminine — ends in -a

    The word for woman ends in -a, so it's feminine. The ending tells you immediately. žena

  7. selo

    neuter — ends in -o

    And the word for village ends in -o, so it's neuter. selo

  8. more

    neuter — ends in -e

    Nouns ending in -e are neuter too. The word for sea is a clean example. more

  9. ✗ noć → masculine? looks masculine (ends in a consonant)
    ✓ noć → feminine night — actually feminine

    Some consonant-ending nouns are feminine. The ending is a guide, not a law.

    Now the trap. Don't assume gender follows meaning, and don't fully trust the ending. The word for night ends in a consonant — so you'd guess masculine — but it's actually feminine. noć

  10. ✗ tata → feminine? ends in -a, looks feminine
    ✓ tata → masculine dad — naturally masculine

    People words follow real-world gender, whatever the ending.

    It goes the other way too. The word for dad ends in -a, which screams feminine — but of course dad is masculine. Meaning wins over the ending here. tata

  11. Gender makes words agree

    veliki grad
    • big city (m)
    velika žena
    • big woman (f)

    Why does any of this matter? Because gender spreads. An adjective has to match its noun. 'Big city' and 'big woman' use different forms of the same word 'big'.

  12. Remember

    • No 'a', no 'the' — ever
    • Consonant → m · -a → f · -o/-e → n
    • Learn each noun with its gender

    So, two things to lock in. There are no articles — drop 'the' and 'a' completely. And learn each noun with its gender, using the ending as your first clue.

Povezane lekcije

Plural nouns in the nominative